Getting More: How You Can Negotiate to Succeed in Work and Life Essay

As I first entered the material body of Negotiation Theory and Practice, I realized that this class would be something that I would remember. The course has initiated my mind to multilevel thinking while negotiating. When reading the book Getting More by Diamond (2010), I in truth could relate with many of his examples of negotiating. Engaging with the literature and having classroom experiences sparked my interest in the subject of negotiation. The one example with the apartment building and the mouse problem is relatable since I am dealing with the situation with my apartment complex. I look back at the methods I have tried to earn the mouse problem understand but none have been successful for over deuce months. Using the method of painting a clear picture to the other party created a picture in the other persons mind. The method actually worked by gathering information and educating my apartment complex on diseases carried by mice. masses negotiate everyday regarding things in different situations. Contrary to the classroom literature, Diamond (2010) suggest not to relationships, interest, win-win outcomes just because a person thinks its an effective tool. His breeding and literature focuses on reaching and meeting your goals in negotiations. Reviewing the twelve major strategies it did give a different perspective on how I viewed negotiations. The model explained how to get the best out of your goals and objectives. Kolb and Williams (2001) suggest that negotiation is a science created to allow all winners an approach of deal making. RelationshipsDiamond (2010) also critiques relationship between two parties and putting yourself in the other persons shoes. By doing this it lets you feel what the other person may feel before... ...s important of help get a feel of the appropriate gestures to use in negotiations. Diamond not only provides insight into some of his students greatest triumphs, but does in a humble, human, and relatable way that show s remarkable self reflections and understanding of negotiations.Works CitedFisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, P. (2011). Getting to yes Negotiation agreement without giving in 3rd. hot York Penguin Books.Dawson, R. (2007). Secrets of Power Negotiating. Negotiation Readings, Exercises, and Cases. 5. In Lewicki, R. et. al. New York McGraw-Hill, Irwin. 98-108.Diamond, R. (2010). Getting More How You Can Negotiate to Succeed in Work and Life. New York Crown Business.Kolb, D. & Williams, J. (2007). Breakthrough Bargaining. Negotiation Readings, Exercises, and Cases. 5, In Lewicki, R. et. al. New York McGraw-Hill, Irwin. 206-214.

Declaration Of Independence Today Essay -- essays research papers fc

A Latin statement commonly used in the nerve centre Ages to define the purpose of government reads servitium propter jura, non potestas praeter jura. This succinct statement translates to mean, service to and for the sake of rights, not a power exercised beyond or outside of rights. This age-old exposition of what gains a government should work toward, coupled with a belief in the importance of universal rights, provided in essence the backbone of the American contract of Independence. However, doubting Thomas Jefferson and the Continental Congress chose a more contemporary elaboration of what was meant by those succinct Latin language when they endeavored to break the union with England. Yet few Americans conduct to take the opportunity to learn and understand those defining principles that the Founding Fathers laid forth in that first and all-important document. If contemporary Americans were to simply read the words and follow the principles that reside within Declaration of Independence, the nation as a whole might be philosophically aimed in an entirely different committalthe one for which it was first intended.The Declaration of Independence was written as a means of accusing the English King of wrongs before the world as a jury. Thomas Jefferson is quoted as saying it was an appeal to the tribunal of the world. (Adler 23) But under which law was the King to be accused? Obviously not English law, the very(prenominal) law they were putting down. The laws of an independent and sovereign nation would likewise have ill effect. Jefferson instead chose to use a law John Locke had first proposed called earthy law, which had become the very fuel enflaming the colonies. (Munves 13) These are rights believed to be the common property of all individuals, regardless of nationality, and are older indeed than any government. Therefore, one of the about fundamental misconceptions most Americans have about the Declaration of Independence pertains to the document s intended audience. Many believe that it was a declaration to England and her King of the resolutions intent to be independent. In fact, the Declaration of Independence was written for a universal audience. The colonies were already well beyond the point of explaining themselves to England, and England was well awake of the grievances that were felt. The first paragraph of the Declaration affirms thi... ...r. It stands as a definitive work on the subject of government and its role to the people it serves. In addition, it outlines the true tariff all men have to themselves and their country. It is the obligation to pursue a good life, the maintenance of his own individual freedom, and the greatest fulfillment of his potential, happiness.BibliographyAdler, Mortimer J., and William Gorman. The American Testament. New York Praeger, 1975.The story Channel. 2000. The History Channel. 8 Dec. 2000 Munves, James. Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence The Writing and Edit ing of the Document that marked the Birth of the UnitedStates of America. New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1976.National autobiography and Records Administration. 18 Jul. 2000. National Archives and Records Administration. 6 Dec. 2000 Office of the Secretary of State. Center for research on Vermont. State of Vermont,Deb Markowitz. 6 Dec. 2000.Wills, Gary. Inventing America Jeffersons Declaration of Independence. Garden CityDoubleday, 1978.

Was Parliament Justified In Killing the King? :: essays research papers

Despite the simplistic fact that King Charles I was the legally lawful leader of England, Parliament was more than justified in executing Charles I due to the divergent and passionate views of law and life between the concourse and the king in politics, society, and worship. Parliament never desired a position where they could control England with full-f conductged federal agency. They simply wanted enough limitations on the kings power that would guarantee the people certain rights that the king cannot cook away, which juxtaposes the belief of divine right. Parliament tried numerous ways to create a structured administration where the kings power was restricted and Parliament, including the people that they represented, was given a voice in government but their countless tries were futile and a disappointment. Preceding the Civil War and many times subsequently it, Parliament tried to approach the king to present to him their ideas of how power should be distributed and used. They came up with laws and regulations to resolve political problems with the king, such as the Petition of Rights, Nineteen Propositions, and aureate Remonstrance. The king declined to acknowledge these laws as genuine laws. He either signed and disregarded it or he absolutely refused to bother himself with the minor complaints of Parliament. This eventually led to the conclusion that King Charles I was the type of man who could not be trusted with the legal promises he made to his people. The worries of Parliament were not seen as a major concern of his and he repudiated to consider any negotiations with whatever Parliament had to say. The kings intractable ways caused Parliament to break away from his power before England became a place of political disaster. Although the obstinate king refused to recognize Parliaments authorized power and influence, he turned his back on his Protestant country to form foreign alliances against his own people. If that wasnt ghastly enough, the k ing acted in an outrageous and appalling way when he put religion into the conflict and made it worse. He asked for military assistance from the Catholic pope and agreed to certain terms that could have shattered his already-destabilized country. The king denied the fact that he had been defeated by his own subjects, and he did anything he could do in his power to prevent the loss of his throne. It is not right of a true and authoritative king to overlook his people and betray them in such a horrendous and unthinkable way as to destroy the pride of his countrys religion.

Themes used in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet Essays -- Literary Anal

The theme of the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare is entertainment. This is proven thought the feed through use of buffoonery, drama, romance, and conflict. This style brought people of all ages, mindsets, and social classes to see the play since it used the mixture instead of just a single genre of entertainment. The result was Romeo and Juliet being very entertaining, profitable, and generally succeeding in its objective.The use of drollery was usually through sexual puns and double entendre like Tis true, and therefore women, being the weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall. Therefore I will push Montagues men from the wall and thrust his maids to the wall (1.1.15-18) and My naked weapon is out. Quarrel, I will back thee.(1.1.33-34).These sexual puns almost always solved the problems with traditional comedy non being funny to all social classes nor mindsets. The other type of comedy in the play was more traditional like the panicked pop of the fight a t the beginning Do you bite your flick at us, sir? I do bite my thumb sir. Do you bite your thumb at us, sir? Aside to Gregory Is the law of our side if I say Ay? Aside to Sampson no. No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you, sir, but I bite my thumb sir.(1.1.44-52). This comedy also broke the wall between the social classes and mindsets since scenes like this were funny to almost everyone. Both types of comedy usually were funny to almost everyone since they did not depend on certain situations which only a select few would usually experience. Thus this made the play even better at its purpose of entertainment.The use of drama throughout the play is most prevalent in the last few acts but is also shown thought the rest of the play. When Romeo is... ... Montagues and Capulets. For example the first combat is caused by that hatred alone My naked weapon is out. Quarrel, I will back thee. How? Turn thy back and run? Fear me not. No, marry. I terror thee Let us take the law of our sid es let them begin. I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they list. Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them, which is disgrace to them if they bear it. (1.1.33-43). The actual combat was presented quickly after this in this fashion Draw if you be men. - Gregory, remember thy washing blow. They fight. Part fools Drawing his sword. Put up your swords. You know not what you do.(1.1.63-65).These elements were all combined in Romeo and Juliet and put to use to make an interesting dapple for the purpose of entertainment.This was a sucess as shown by how long this has been an interesting play to watch and listen to.

Emancipations Of Slaves And Women In The Early Nineteenth Century Essay

In three decades prior to the outbreak of Civil War, the Northern United States abounded with movements yearning for social transformation. The two most consequential movements, the ones that struck deeply at the foundations of American society, that ones that were so influential that they indeed provided the historical background to the two immense issues that Americans continue to debate and struggle with, were the crusades for the abolishment of slavery and the equality of women.In the early nineteenth century, the people who challenged the idea of slavery and the adversity of women were usually slaves and women themselves. They were the ones once considered the less-humans without any right to speak, yet they were the ones directly suffered from oppression. The anti-slavery movements took place in the aftermath of the American Revolution and prior to the outbreak of Civil War. Being evoked by the sinful nature of slavery, people alike William Lloyd Garrison, a Massachusetts pr inter and editor, began to make verbal actions against slavery. In January 1, 1831, Garrison published the first issue of The Liberator (Rankin 50), which was to be one of the very first vehicles for innate abolitionism. The sentiments of womens rights came afterward the experiences in anti-slavery movements. Sarah and Angelina Grimk were among the very effective anti-slavery speakers. As active reformers, women gradually developed organizational skills that were necessary for another thorough social transformation. They learned to petition persuasively in order to speak to large groups of men and women about the importance of social transformation. In the service of anti-slavery, women had found their voices. At the First Womens Rights radiation diagram in 184... ...s today, the United States is certainly a less racially and sexually unequal society than it was back in the nineteenth century. Even though the American people are still struggling with the true meanings of justice and equality and how to soundly apply them to society, the wrongly-driven ideology is decomposed forever. Even though the status of African Americans and women in the United States today still needs improvement, the victories they conquered so far get hold of sparkled the history of human civilization. All these changes do represent the hardest efforts that the American people have paid in the past centuries in order to change the United States and the world to a better place for living.Works CitedRankin, David C. History 40B Reader. Irvine Anteater Publishing, 2003.Roark, crowd together L., et al. The American Promise. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2003.

Free Process Essays - How to Procrastinate :: Free Expository Process Essays

How to ProcrastinateHave you ever heard friends or family members brag about how productive they were that day, or week, or month? Those people unfeignedly bother me. And its because I can never get anything done it takes me a long time to accomplish the simplest tasks. I pride myself in being a grade A procrastinator. My three specific examples will help anyone perfect the arts of wasting time and procrastination. Then you can brag about how extremely unproductive you were today.I am not a super messy person, but I dont necessarily keep my room clean all the time, either. some a time I have opted to put away my clothes, clean out my binder and my backpack, make my lunch for the next day, and/or take a shower in the lead I get to my homework. Doing all these activities takes a while, and I usually end up doing all of them on nights when I have a lot of homework, or if I have a test the next day. Any type of make clean or household chore would work, though, such as scrubbing the shower, vacuuming, or dusting. Another great way to waste time is to daydream. I can sit for fifteen minutes or more before I realize that I should be doing something else. I usually think about something that happened that day, and then cipher an alternate ending. Or I will imagine calling someone on the phone, and play out the entire conversation in my head. Sometimes I look out the window and look at all the trees, clouds, squirrels, or even the grass in my backyard. This is a great procrastination method when combined with a simple cleaning task, like cleaning out a backpack.The best way to procrastinate is to interact with other people. That way you can lay part of the blame on someone else Well, mamma was talking to me about something important. I couldnt just walk away. I prefer to talk on the phone to friends who go to schools far away. We usually dont talk in like manner often, so when we do, we have to make it count. For those that who dont want to spend a mountain of m oney on phone bills, any kind of messaging system on the Internet is a great way to communicate.

Free Process Essays - How to Procrastinate :: Free Expository Process Essays

How to ProcrastinateHave you ever heard fri end ups or family members brag close to how productive they were that day, or week, or month? Those people really bother me. And its because I great deal never get anything done it takes me a long clock time to accomplish the simplest tasks. I pride myself in being a grade A procrastinator. My three specific examples will help anyone perfect the arts of waste time and procrastination. Then you toilet brag about how extremely unproductive you were today.I am not a super messy person, but I dont necessarily keep my room clean all the time, either. Many a time I have opted to put away my clothes, clean out my ring-binder and my backpack, make my lunch for the next day, and/or take a shower before I get to my homework. Doing all these activities takes a while, and I usually end up doing all of them on nights when I have a lot of homework, or if I have a test the next day. Any subject of cleaning or household chore would work, though, such as scrubbing the shower, vacuuming, or dusting. Another great way to waste time is to daydream. I can sit for fifteen minutes or more before I realize that I should be doing something else. I usually think about something that happened that day, and thus imagine an alternate ending. Or I will imagine calling someone on the phone, and play out the entire conversation in my head. sometimes I look out the window and look at all the trees, clouds, squirrels, or even the grass in my backyard. This is a great procrastination method acting when combined with a simple cleaning task, like cleaning out a backpack.The best way to procrastinate is to interact with other people. That way you can lay part of the blame on someone else Well, Mom was talking to me about something important. I couldnt just walk away. I prefer to talk on the phone to friends who go to schools far away. We usually dont talk too often, so when we do, we have to make it count. For those that who dont want to spend a mo untain of money on phone bills, any kind of messaging system on the Internet is a great way to communicate.

Solving America’s Immigration Problem Through Integration

The need for low skilled and cheap labor exists in America and so do the millions of legal and illegal workers needed to fill this demand. The problem then is not hotshot of numbers, skill, legality, national origin or labor needs entirely rather one of integration. The received problem with Americas immigration-policy is that it is outdated and nonfunctional in the face of such(prenominal) a distinct influx of immigrants from one bordering state to the different. If there is to be any solution to Americas immigration problem it is necessary to address the fears associated with immigration and the threat they pose to integration.It is compulsive to recognize that economicalal, social and heathenish integration of this section of our population are crucial to the future well being of the American society. Economic integration is an import that generally pertains to low skilled illegal immigrants. Currently over 11 million illegal immigrants reside in the United States of Amer ica, and labor-force participation for illegal immigrant manpower is the upliftedest of any group at 94 percent. (Jacoby p. 53) This easily underlines the importance of these illegal immigrants in small and big businesses, and thus their crucial role in the American economy.Yet instead of focusing on integrating foreign legal and illegal workers who, as quoted above, are working in various fields such as hospitality services or agricultural sectors, the immigration policy has made it its priority to find ways to punish businesses and immigrants by organizing military equivalent raids. These raids not only destabilize and lead businesses to considerable passagees, but they as well as further aid the branding of illegal immigrants as second-class citizens by leaving them at the mercy of employers who threaten to ruin the dreams of the workers, by cutting the latters wages.The fear of many citizens that immigrants are taking jobs that Americans could take (Judis p. 2) has put a dent in economic integration, only this belief doesnt appear to be true according to Borjas who writes Economists have found it surprisingly difficult to scroll that immigration does, in fact, lower the wage of competing workers (p1). The need for labor is a phenomenon that will regulate itself and a reform of the American immigration policy should in the main focus on integrating the 11 million immigrants that are currently here into the economy so that the US reaps the maximum benefits.By legalizing the workers already in place, the US can significantly increase the tax money it receives from such workers. Solving this issue goes hand to hand with providing immigrants with a better economic stance in the community. They will not be seen as criminals who leech on the American economy but rather as workers who are the foundations of significant economic sectors. When this happens two studied theories are likely to occur in succession.A better economic status of immigrant parents has by far the largest impact on high school completion of their kids (Lutz p. 334), and when a section of an immigrant population has a higher level of education another phenomenon, assimilation, is accele treadd. However long a tree trunk might stay in the water it will never be father a crocodile. writes Pie Tshibanda, a famous French artist who immigrated from Congo. Both native-born Americans and immigrants currently echo the words of Tshibanda.Many in the American society fear and strongly believe that their culture is in danger of extinction because of an immigrant population that is largely Mexican and refuses to assimilate. Some patriotic citizens under the Minuteman Project (Judis p. 1) have even grabbed weapons and started patrolling the Southern border. Yet this is fear is not something that is solely relative to the current immigrant influx. The current fear of Mexicanization was preceded by other large population migration such as the one that brought Irish Catholic s to America.Many Protestants then feared that their values and morals would be contendd, only in less than two centuries both and even more religions coexist in a nation that is known for its acceptance. This fear of culture and heritage loss goes both ways. Immigrants also fear that their sons and daughters risk losing their culture and because of this some remain skeptical to assimilation. The importance of social and cultural integration as a challenge to immigration-policy reform surpasses that of economic integration.A skewed view that is held by many, that immigrants are here just to work, should be re-examined. It is true that a majority of immigrants arrive to the US for economical reasons. What follows though is an appreciation of the other opportunities America holds for its citizens. Immigrants are exposed to better educational and political systems and much more. The fear of losing the economic benefits coupled with a parents fixation to provide only the best for its offspring leads many to remain in the US. These are the same beliefs that constitute American values.In working toward integration it is logical that social services such as hospitals and schools should remain available to all immigrants and it should be known that denying anyone public benefits even to state who cant prove their citizenship (Judis p. 1) is unconstitutional. Integration is a matter of reciprocity. Language is currently the main issue of integration. It is beneficial for both parties that face become the functionary language of the United States, and if it is to be the case, the government should provide learning centers where it deems them necessary.This does not mean that multilingualism among immigrants and natives should not be encouraged, as studies have shown that the academic success rate is positively linked positively to a students proficiency in a second language (Lutz). Which would in turn accelerate cultural assimilation. The situation of the 11 millio n illegal immigrants is also an issue that needs to be addressed. If there is to be any kind of integration it is necessary to on board the question of legality. Many of these are parents of citizens and integrating their descendants into the American society requires that the first generation be integrated as well.This might mean creating a legal route that would allow them to become citizens over a period of time and they will have to wait in line behind those who contend by the rules and followed the law (Bush address) or simply providing them with permanent/temporary residency those who have remained in the country for fear of not being able to come back will eventually travel across borders, minimizing the unnecessary amount of ex-illegal immigrants that remain in the country, since as Jacoby put it better to be unemployed at home elsewhere than in New York or Chicago. (p. 53). It would be interesting to see the correlation between legalizing illegal immigrants and their desir e to assimilate but it would not be irresponsible to assume that such a decision would raise a feeling of belonging among the latter. The biggest challenge for American immigration-policy is indeed integration. This does not mean that other factors such as legality or labor needs etc. do not pose a challenge, in fact integration is comprised of these factors. trenchant integration will be a result of proper reform in legality and border control among others. Some practical recommendations for a boffo integration would include the legalization of current illegal immigrants residing in the country. This would not only help these immigrants abandon their status as second-class citizens but it would also encourage many to embrace the mosaic of cultures that is the US. Another problem with the current policy of integration is that it s skeletal, ad hoc, and under-funded (Abraham and Hamilton p. ). The government should take integration seriously. English learning centers, job search cen ters, hiring stations, multicultural schools and other socioeconomic oriented programs will not come at a small cost. America is a nation built around cultures. Immigration should not bring forth questions as to the dangers posed by immigrants but rather the integration and the contributions such a group would bring to the land of opportunities.

Machiavelli

In the beginning of The Prince, Machiavelli outlines the different types of principalities which constitute all forms of government. He then goes on to give advice on how a competent prescript would go unspoiled about keeping a stronghold in the principality he had just conquered. Although perhaps not as blatant as different political leaders attempts at gaining control after an invasion of a country, George Bush, taking action in 2003, decided to firmly plant an America make for in Iraq.The Decider, as the electric chair recently referred to himself, chose a path which has clear parallels to military positions outlined in The Prince. Within the pages of The Prince, Machiavelli has given much advice as to how to deal with the up-to-the-minute situation in which the President straight finds himself. Leaving out ethical coveration of the actions our President has taken and must take in the future, this paper forget explore the relationship between the teachings found in The Prince and the current situation in Iraq and attempt to answer the question of what advice Machiavelli would give to President Bush to residuum his current situation.In the beginning of The Prince, Machiavelli claims that all governments atomic number 18 either republics or principalities. As he has already laid out what constitutes a republic, The Prince is concerned with altogether principalities. As he explains, there are three different types of principalities hereditary, novel, and mixed.A hereditary principality is the sort that is passed from ruler to ruler in the same family. It is the characteristic monarchial relationship in which a king, once no longer equal to rule, passes his kingdom over to the next in line, usually his son. New principalities are on the whole new territories to be ruled over, and mixed principalities are new additions to existing territories. It is this last kind of principality that this paper will be concerned with as it is most readily illu strated with the current situation in Iraq.To understand the relationship between Machiavellis ideas and what the Bush administration is currently involved in in the war there, it is necessary to understand the recent history of Iraq.Iraq was formed from three former Ottoman regions Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul. It was given to the unify Kingdom at the end of valet de chambre War I as a mandate. The United Kingdom granted Iraq independence in 1932 but invaded in 1941 when it seemed that the government there was threatening European oil supplies. The U.K then occupied the country for several years and installed a monarchy to rule the region.This monarchy lasted until a coup detat led by the Iraqi multitude overthrew it in 1958. After this government was itself overthrown, the Iraqi Baath party gained control and out of this rose Saddam Hussein. Hussein ruled Iraq until removed from power by the United States in 2003. (Wikipedia 2006)Although perhaps in the eyes of Hussein, Iraq could be considered a monarchy, it was more often considered a dictatorship. And because when the United States invaded Iraq they were not invading a new territory, Iraq as a principality would, by Machiavellian standards, be considered not a hereditary or new principality, but mixed. It is these sorts of principalities that, in Machiavellis words, are the ones that present problems.Aside from the hereditary principalities, in which the people of the territory do not, as evidenced by their loyalty to the Kings family, mind the swap in power, a mixed principality, because the people baffle been under the rule of one man (as in the case of Iraq), will not take good to the new ruler unless their situation improves. Machiavellis musings on human nature bring out the idea that all people are generally facial expression out for themselves and those close to them.They are generally indifferent to politics when things are going well for themselves. For this reason, if the peoples situation im proves even a humbled amount and provides them the feeling of safety and security, it will not really matter to them who is in control. As evidenced by the daily insurgent attacks, kidnappings and suicide bombings, President Bush has not created a feeling of security for the people of Iraq. Is it any wonder that the vast majority of the Iraqis do not urgency us there? President Bush has failed to accomplish even this graduation goal of competent rule laid out by Machiavelli.In The Prince, Machiavelli uses the likeness of rulers being like foxes and lions to prove a point about what constitutes a competent ruler. He mentions this in Chapter Eighteen How Rulers Are to Keep Their Word. As he states, Everybody recognizes how praiseworthy it is for a ruler to keep his world and to live a life of integrity, without relying on craftiness. Nevertheless, we see that in practice those rulers who have not model it in-chief(postnominal) to keep their word have achieved great thingsFor thi s reason, Machiavelli believes it important to be able to rule and argue in two ways. The first, the way men fight by the rules. The second is the way animals fight no holds barred. Because you cannot always win when you respect the rules, you must be prepared to break them. A ruler needs to know how to be both an animal and a man.In Machiavellis view, because a ruler must at times display beastly qualities, it is important to know how to act like specific animals, namely, a lion and a fox. The lion is powerful, and runs over his enemies with great mite, but has the disadvantage of not being able to avoid traps. The fox, on the other hand, has the cunning to avoid those traps. So it is important for the ruler to be able to act like both animals and to know when the situation calls for either brute strength, or quiet cunning.Although many people often make fun of the President, regarding him as not too bright, he did sell a war to the American people and the world based on lies. As recently reported by Reuters, the White House had been informed by the CIA 6 months previous to the invasion of Iraq that there were no weapons of mass destruction. This, along with countless other officials and documents have shown that the Bush administration knew what all of us know now that Iraq was in no way the threat they were perceived to be.Of course, there was no way for him at the time to know that the world would find out that he was not telling to truth and if there was, maybe he would not have used the rationale of weapons of mass destruction but found another(prenominal) way to get enough support to invade Iraq. Nevertheless, he was cunning enough to know when to use fear and manipulation to rally the people screw him and achieved his aims with the help of many countries.In Machiavellis time, there would not have been governmental leaks to the extent that we have today, and anyone courageous enough to speak out about ruling governments were more than likely going t o be killed. If Bush were ruling with circumstances similar to what they were in Italy in the time of Machiavelli, perhaps he would have been more successful.However, now that Bush finds himself in the position that he is in, the question could be asked what advice might Machiavelli give to our President. The answer to this question lies in chapter five of The Prince How You Should determine Cities or Kingdoms That, Before You Acquired Them, Lived Under Their Own Laws. As Machiavelli explains, When the states one acquires by conquest are accustomed to living under their own laws and in freedom, there are three policies one can follow in order to hold on to them. Although it could be debated whether Iraq was free the overall meaning of Machiavelli still applies.The first is to lay them to waste. With the advent of the international criminal court and the necessity of keeping the peace and favor of ones allies, President Bush could not view this first choice as possible. The second i s to go and live there in person. I highly doubt President Bush has, or ever will consider such a measure. And, The third is to let them continue to live under their own laws, make them pay you, and create there an administrative and political elect(ip) who will remain loyal to you.This third option is the one the Bush administration is following. Although the Iraqis are not paying taxes directly to the United States, once the infrastructure gets up and running again, I am certain we will take our payment in the form of oil.If someone from old Italy were known with Machiavelli and his works and were alive today, they would see much Machiavellian inspiration in the governmental tactics of the Bush administration. Whether President Bush is aware of it or not, he is giving us a first hand account of what happens when Machiavellian principles are followed. The interesting fact is that it seems these principles would only work today if the circumstances were just right. Nevertheless, m any of Bushs detractors would probably like to see him carry certain of Machiavellis ideas to a different level, namely the second option of ruling a newly acquired kingdom move there.Works CitedIraq. Retrieved April 22, 2006, from Wikipedia Web site http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IraqReuters, (2006, April 22). CIA Warned Bush of No Weapons in Iraq. Retrieved April 22, 2006Wootton, David (Ed.). (1995). The Prince. Indianapolis, IN Hackett Publishing Company.

Strategy Non Market Environments

Strategic Management in Non-market Environments 05/11 06/11. Cheetah / Hyena video ? Analogues to business world o elucidate kill, but screw you hold when scavengers come o Eat fast if youre a cheetah ? Value Creation o Economic use ? Value Capture o Power, Leverage Companies you do (value you create) must be cognizant of game to come (value capture) Boeing ? Site distribution throughout US, most congressional districts o Helps when applying / bidding for contracts o Decision making process in Congress ? If only worried to the highest degree capturing an antelope (market environment), wouldnt design locations for supply image this way ?Recognizing hyenas (non-market environment effects) o How to ensure capture value o Spread out across country (multiple congressional districts) o Helps with getting livelihood (congressionally directed contracts) ? GM locations are more concentrated o Operationally limits more sense, politics werent controlling decision making o However, when GM needs something from Government, may be in worse position than Boeing Wal-Mart ? Not in bigger cities o Local players (protected), politics can block main course o How negotiate, work around? Market vs.Nonmarket Environment ? Market transactions are typically consensual and bilateral o Voluntary, fundamental 11 (bilateral negotiations between parties) ? Nonmarket transactions are rarely consensual and are almost always multilateral ? Market environment focuses on economics ? Nonmarket environment combines policy-making science, psychology and ethics. Integrated, Managerial Strategy ? Goal as a Manager is to integrate Market and Non-market strategy Four Is (way to analyze situation) ? Issues ? Interests ? Institutions ? cultivation Diebold Case ?Risks (reputational, new technology) o Can we create Ballot Security service arm, to help solve problem and also create profitability for degenerate? ? Quality issues ? Communication / marketing plan ? Reach out to political parties, special interest groups ? Diebold should reach known Bev Harris, taken her call ? Diebold files suit on a lower floor DMCA (may not have been best idea in non-market environment) o Protecting access to information becomes worldwide cause ? Politics is unstable o stupefy to be farsighted o Can not be myopic, take short term view ? Pays to set the genda (want to be the one who makes theproposal) o suggestion helps define the winners and losers o Want to be the agenda setter Observations on Nonmarket Strategy & Analysis ? Issues generate nonmarket competition ? Market rivals can be nonmarket assort coalitions can be effective ? Your choice of objectives determines who is aligned with and against you ? Alignments of interests are often issue- specialised ? Business can represent those who would otherwise be unrepresented ? Institutional features matter e. g. , federal versus State jurisdiction ?When attempting to stop an issue, proposing better alternatives is often effective o Br ing other interests into play ? If there is a problem for you at the play along level (e. g. , appearance of corruption), then form coalitions and work on behalf of coalition o J&J partner with other pharmaceutical, healthcare orgs, activist groups (help determine people are not acting in corrupt fashion, but for greater public good) o Can expand to not just specific industry, but all businesses in area (e. g. , chamber of commerce), etc. ? When thinking about coalitions ask who benefits from my success on this issue?Goal of Course ? get intot accept that rules are fixed (rules are not fixed) o But think about is there a way that we can change the rules to benefit the company o Dont miss opportunity to change b/c have not considered ? Politics is about public good, but also fundamentally about redistribution o How can set strategy to affect positively for our organization ? Complication of Politics o People are motivated to go to voting booth on moral concerns along with economi c o Sometimes issues that can be astronomical motivators may not have as large an impact as other concernsLuxury Tax Case ? 1990 Tax was introduced on luxury items o spacious political fight, tiny revenue generator (not important in context of trying to balance the federal budget) ? Why was the evaluate introduced if allow for not have large impact? ? May have just been for the perception create impression that care about fairness in way that doesnt create large new taxes for parties ? Core constituents feel that they care about values they run on ? May have been to help reelection problem ?Opposed to tax consumers of luxury goods, manufacturers of luxury items, retailers of foreign luxury items ? Supporters of Luxury Tax foreign manufacturers of boats, people who dont buy luxury items, domestic manufacturers of luxury cars, manufacturers of substitutes for luxury items, some NGOs (anti-fur, anti-diamong) o Not an accident that bill does not apply to GM (b/c GM was on committee working on bill) ? When make predictions in the political arena, are going to ask o Who are important interest groups, who will have power on the issue ? astronomical number of voters ? Wealth / contributions / participation of group ? Do you have connections with key members of Congress? ? Distribution of voters ? Ability to get media attention (celebrities, experts) ? Is the group organized? o Who has power, who has incentives? ? Can go a long way to making predictions once have the details of the situation ? What determines the incentives for action? o Magnitude of benefits will meet ? As a group ? As individuals (per capita) ? Substitutes and Opportunity cost ? How does this compare to other issues ?Expected Return on Effort ? (how much work will take / what is expected impact) ? Potential reputational costs ? Luxury Tax Coalition ? Yachts Not as many manufacturers, not as well distributed (concentrated in states ilk Rhode Island, smaller state) ? Foreign manufacturers are n ot voters poor position when entering country ? Cross of manufacturers (Horizontal across Rent Chains) Airplanes, Boats o Distributed Politics Spreadsheet, Cemex case ? ? ? watch spreadsheet for Distributed Politics notes Modified Lowi Matrix Cemex case notes on handouts

Woman as the Other and as the Other Woman

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986), French existentialist, inditer, and social essayist, passed on just everyplace two decades ago. Putting it this appearance makes her ideas so much more alive. She did not just write ab protrude how she lived. She wrote, and she lived what she wrote about she refused to be the otherwise, but she was also, in a manner of putting it, the Other Woman.Simones Life and Love(s) in Philosophy Simone de Beauvoir is now renowned and appreciated as a philosopher. She was not always considered a philosopher however, but a writer, and has only been given the distinction of universe a noted philosopher in more recent years.Her works became considered philosophical only after her death. Beauvoir was born in France in 1908. She belonged to a bourgeoisie family, and had one sister. As a teenager, she tell herself an atheist, and devoted her life sentence to feminism and writing (Marvin, 2000). Apparently, her parents disposition and stature were a major influe nce on her. Her father was extremely provoke in pursuing a career in theater, but because of his societal position (and with a noble lineage), he became a lawyer (which was expected), and hated it. Her mother, on the other hand, was a strict Catholic.Some authors ca-ca noted that Simone struggled between her mothers religious morals and her fathers more pagan inclinations, and this purportedly led to her atheism and shaped her philosophical work. As a child, Simone was religious and had a relationship with God. She wrote in early work about her thankfulness that enlightenment had given her the immediately family that she had, but this feeling (at least the religious aspects of it) dissipated as she aged (Flaherty, 2008). When she was around 15, Simone de Beauvoir decided she would be a famous writer.She did intumesce in many subjects, but was especially attracted to philosophy, which she went on to study at the University of Paris. There she met many other young creative geniuse s, including Jean-Paul Sartre, who became her best friend and life-long companion. The congregation of friends that she spent her time with was considered a bad group, a circle of rebels. Such perceptions did not matter however for Simone and Sartre whose fondness for each other only grew over the years. Their works were oft linked as they read and critiqued each others writings, and she was sort of considered as his student the Other.However, she was not just the Other, she was a world-shaking Other, as it were. Their relationship became intimate and Sartre even proposed to her. She however declined the proposal because she felt that marriage was such a constricting institution and that they should, instead, be free to heat others (Flaherty, 2008). After graduating from the university, Simone lived with her grandmother and taught at a lycee, or high naturalise. She taught philosophy at some(prenominal) schools throughout her life, which allowed her to live comfortably. She s pent her free time termination to cafes, writing, and giving talks.In Berlin, she spent time with Sartre and they got linked with two female students, the sisters Olga and Wanda Kosakiewicz. Sartre initially pursued Olga but later had an affair with Wanda. Note that he and Simone had agreed that they would be free to love others. During this time, Simone got very sick and spent some time in a sanitarium. By the time she left the sanitarium, Olga was married, and Wanda and Sartre were no longer lovers (Flaherty, 2008). This phase in her life, one could perhaps say, highlighted her journey as the Other Woman. Simone traveled around the world later in her life, lecturing.She came to the United States in the 1940s and met other man, Algren. He proposed to her, but she opted to stay with Sartre instead. Also during her travels, Simone participated, with Sartre, in the 1967 Bertrand Russell Tribunal of War Crimes in Vietnam. There she met several noted leaders, including Khrushchev an d Castro however, unlike Sartre, she did not particularly get it on being in the public spotlight. (Gascoigne, 2002) In 1981, when Sartre died, Simone wrote a memoir about him. After this, she continued to take drugs and drink alcohol, which contributed to her mental decay.She and Sartre had always taken drugs and alcohol. Simone frequently became drunk throughout her life. She died in 1986, and was buried beside Sartres remains (Gascoigne, 2002). Beauvoirs Views My Reflections Beauvoir strictly considered herself a writer, not a philosopher. Others did not see her as a philosopher because, in what may today be described as enkindleism, she was a woman and thus inferior in some ways. Moreover, she was also seen as provided a student of Sartre and not as a philosopher in her own right. On top of it all, she was a woman who wrote about women.It must be pointed out that this field of study was not truly accepted in the academe until very recently hence, Beauvoirs work was not accept ed as being philosophical during her time. She was indeed heavily overshadowed by Sartre, especially because some of her work reflects his (Bergoffen, 2004). Beauvoirs philosophical ideas focused on how truths in life were revealed in literature. She wrote several essays, including Literature and the Metaphysical Essay (1946) and Mon Experience dEcrivain, which translates to My Experience as a Writer (1956).Her works include both fiction and non-fiction, all in regards to studying literature in re operation to human relationships and thoughts (Bergoffen, 2004). Truly life is mirrored by literature, but literature is also a part of life, and life can be shaped by literary work. In the life and works of this trailblazing feminist writer-philosopher, one can see the reality of literature as a potent force not only of self-expression but also of life changing. Feminism was of primary importance to Beauvoir, and she is considered to be one of the pioneers of the movement.In fact, Beauvoi r is best know for her feminist work, The Second Sex, now a classic of feminist literature (Eiermann). In this work, she looks at the role of women in society, and the advantages and disadvantages that she, herself, faced. It was initially not thought of as a philosophical work because it dealt with sex, which, during the Victorian era, was not a subject openly discussed. In reality, the book contiguously examines patriarchal society and its impact on women, and calls for women to take action against these oppressions.It fired up women of later generations to fight for political, social, and personal change. The book remains debated to this day because of the way it addresses the issues, but it is still considered a major early book on feminism (Bergoffen, 2004). Here she put an exclamation point on her observations of Woman in society being seen and treated still as the Other. Beauvoir is also known for an earlier work, Force of Circumstance. Within this piece she discussed vital issues of the day-confusion and rage regarding human libertys and the French/Algerian War (Flaherty, 2008).Human freedom was a big issue that was crucial in Beauvoirs work. She was particularly concerned that people needed to be free. This is reflected in the way she lived her own life, and in the way she lectured others. She walked her talk, and was for some time describable perhaps (albeit from a rather sexist perspective) as being the Other Woman, with no rancor, in Sartes life. She Came to Stay (1943) is another(prenominal) work that deals with freedom. This is a novel that deals with reflections on our relationship to time, to each other, to ourselves (Bergoffen, 2004).The work doesnt fit a traditional philosophical framework, where questions are brought to a close and fully answered. Instead it only explores questions by looking at the lives and interactions of the main characters. In this novel, a murder is committed because of a characters require for freedom, and the no vel examines if the murder was just or not, among other issues surrounding the situation. This work is frequently considered her first true philosophical work (Bergoffen, 2004). How many times have this student been asked this question in real life by friends and particular circumstances freedom or life?There is something profoundly unsettling in the questions that Beauvoirs works raises. In She Came to Stay, purportedly a fictionalized chronicle of Beauvoir and Sartres relationship with the sisters Olga and Wanda, we are treated to an exploration of complex personal relationships. Olga was one of her students in the Rouen secondary school where she taught during the early 30s. In the novel, Olga and Wanda are made into one character with whom fictionalized versions of Beauvoir and Sartre have intimate relationships.The novel delves into Beauvoir and Sartres complex relationship. She wrote about her life, and she lived her writings. With what she wrote, she pursued her questioning, her philosophizing. Pyrrhus and Cineas (1944) is Beauvoirs first philosophical essay and a major turning point in her life as a writer. This essay looks at questions like What are the criteria of ethical action? How can I distinguish ethical from unethical political projects? What are the principles of ethical relationships? Can violence ever be justified? The essay looks at the moral, political, and other implications of these questions, and further explores the notion of freedom, relationships, and violence. Simone was not sure if violence was truly justified, but concludes that it is neither evil nor avoidable. The questions are not truly resolved in this work, much like in her previous work (Bergoffen, 2004). Then there is Ethics of Ambiguity (1947), which further looks at ethical questions regarding freedom, and the difference between puerility and adulthood.According to Beauvoir, children live in mystery, and they should. However, she posits that children should also be fo rced to be adults and there could be violations of freedom involved in this. This work expands on the idea of freedom from the previous work, and looks at new dimensions of it (Bergoffen, 2004). Two themes seem to appear most prominently in the work of Beauvoir Freedom and Feminism. The Feminine is made an agent of freedom and is problematized so in the work of Beauvoir. Today, many still turn to her work for we can see the realities that her work reflects.We still find Woman as the Other in some societies with her multiple burdens given her second-class status. Even in the supposedly modern nation that is the U. S. we find sexual practice an unsettling concern in electoral politics. More broadly, freedom remains a problematic ideal in the globalizing world. Many states (e. g. , North Korea, China, Cuba, the young Republics in Eastern Europe) remain unstable at their core having had to grapple with forces of change and freedom from within and from outside their societies and terri tories.At another level, the world is not lacking with individuals and groups with their various advocacies aimed at expanding the limits of freedom in civilian society. Today the woman question has become the bigger concern that is Gender. This student now more fully realizes that gender is a social-psychological thing while sex is a biological or physical matter. The Woman is more than her body after is all. To be Woman is a choice, is a matter of freedom. The definition of gender lies not in the body. Gender is the realization of what you think and feel you are, and what you prefer as a lifestyle, to put it broadly.

Crime and Corruption Essay

Honesty is a character trait that is difficult to uphold when faced with moral dilemmas in the workplace. This is the challenge of detent Serpico in the film Serpico. An analysis of the film Serpico leads to the realization that wholly power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely is completely valid. The movie Serpico demonstrates that the merit dodging and an outside agency are necessary to prevent ashesic putrefaction within the Justice System. Systemic degeneration appears to be facilitated, encouraged and protected by the code of silence.For example, officers are taught by fellow officers how to use the effectiveness given to them to advance the sub-culture of crime. This fact is a matter of debate. The question of crime in jurisprudence discussion sections is often blamed on unethical officers rather than the truth of the officers who are taught by superiors and veteran officers the means of crime. The bad apples or bad system debate is expressed in Ser pico, indicating the confirmation that a bad system needs an outside agency to correct it. This movie begs the question Who was keeping an midpoint on the keepers of the peace among the New York legal philosophy Department?The instrument of change in the movie is weenie Serpico making him the antagonist. The protagonists are the dark and corrupted of officers, and the supervisors who by omission participate in crime. The ideology that has perpetuated this systematic subversion is the promoting within the ranks based on who you are not what you do. In Serpico, it seems that the supervisors were very astute in the process of looking the other way. For this ability, they moved up among the chain of command. The distinct officer code of silence provided the cohesion that veils the subculture of crime perpetuated by the officers.In the film, rough Serpicos only flaw was being an honest grass. In Serpico the minimization and neutralization of degeneration becomes the justification for the effects of the officers who are unethical. This is the attempt to rationalize the acceptance of the mantlepiece loss of ethics among the officers. dog Serpico does not participate in the corruption and refuses to take the money offered to him. His complaints are ignored as he goes high and higher up the chain of command. The result of the complaints by Frank Serpico created an even more hostile work relationship with the other officers.The officers ostracize, threaten and fail to protect Frank to the point that leads to his injury. The atonement for the deeds of the police appears to be around the corner with both complaint lodged against the department, yet Serpico becomes placated in each meeting and by every supervisor, including the mayor. Political tolerance to corruption with no legal controls in place to prevent the un-ethical police sub-culture is unacceptable. The epiphany of Serpico is that the systemic corruption creates the need to go to an outside agency. T his action of going to an outside agency is not taken lightly in the film.Frank Serpico knows and displays regret for the violation of the code of silence. He is aware it is a trespass on the brotherhood. He has two other officers collaborate his story. Serpico feels that he must go to an outside agency to correct the corrupt and ethically break down police department. This exposure allows for the creation of the Knapp Commission, which is evidenced at the end of the film Regoli and Hewitt reveal in Exploring Criminal Justice that the New York Times series on police corruption prompted Mayor Lindsay to appoint five people to investigate corruption in the NYPD.Five people were appointed to and composed the Knapp Commission including lawyer Whitman Knapp who headed the Knapp Commission. The findings of the Knapp Commission suggested the nonionized corruption. Police Administrators accompanied and progressed with the breach of ethics by active cooperation and participation in the cri mes or passively omitted to control the officers (Hewitt, 2007). Pervasive organized corruption is organized crime. New Yorks history of ties to the mafia would leave the citizen caught struggling to seek any justice.The mafia is controlling the civilian sub-culture and the corrupt police controlling the police sub-culture leaving the citizens at the mercy of criminals, and no one is watching. Serpico stood against this systemic organized corruption in long-suffering, personal sacrifice with hardship. Vindication for Frank appears in the finality of the film with him testifying to the Knapp Commission. According to Gaines and Kappeler, the result of the Knapp Commission was the convicting of the 20 officers charged with felony crimes that included armed robbery, assault and murder.To protect and serve aspect of policing does not include murder. This is a grievous trespass on the public trust given to officers, as are any violations of the law by the officers against the citizens who submit the authority to the law. The Knapp Commission exposed the corruption and sought out the officers for criminal prosecution. The results of Serpico have been far reaching. For instance, according to Gaines and Kappeler in Policing in America Twenty years afterward the Knapp Commissions findings, the issue of systemic police corruption was revisited by the Mollen Commission.Although NYCPD commissioner Kelly denied systemic corruption, the commission uncovered substantial evidence of this form of organized corruption (Kappeler, 2008). These commissions are necessary to investigate and dissolve the corruption within police organizations. The anthropological perspective of police demeanor can be used to apologise the immoral behavior found in the police culture. Officers become shaped and influenced by the police culture. The rookie officers learn from the older corrupt officers.This in delve can demonstrate the values of the whole department, although there may be a distinct subculture that is not made privy to the department as a whole or to the public. Empirical research from the Knapp and Mollen Commission agree with the anthropological perspective of police behavior. In Exploring Criminal Justice by Regoli and Hewitt it is stated that the Police supervisors must admit when corruption exists and confront the problem, Furthermore, they must recognize that corruption often begins at the top and drifts downward through the ranks.This research is indicating that criminal behavior drifts downward to the new officers. If the corrupt officers argument is correct, then all of the corrupt officers selected policing to exploit it. Where is the honor in this? The authoritative personality is attracted to policing, not the ethically challenged personality. The corruption seeps in due to the influence of peer officers, and once it takes hold the distinction of ethically correct and the immoral becomes dissipated. The majority of the NYCPD was corrupt in the 1970 s.That is a huge number of unethical people entering the field to become officers. If it were not a hero like action to stand against corruption then this movie would not have been made. Trends suggest that police departments have corruption in three ways. The rotten apples and rotten pockets type of department deals with the single(a) officers corruption (Kappeler, 2008). This is not the case in Serpico the movie is demonstrating the third type of department corruption Pervasive Organized subversion. Pervasive is specify as existing in, or spreading through every part of something.The term organized is referring to the hierarchical and limited or exclusive membership of the corruption. The corruption constitutes a unique subculture, perpetuates itself by violation of law, and exhibits a willingness to use illegal violence. In the naming of such findings alone as Pervasive Organized Corruption is a stinging finding of fault on the behalf of the NYPD and the discovery of such cor ruption brought shame to the department. The finding of such corruption exacerbated the publics scruple and served as a means to strengthen the conflict theory.The passive assistance the administration is giving to corruption by looking the other way is complementing and reinforcing the corruption throughout the department. The Knapp commission created in 1970 found that Pervasive Organized Corruption was in the New York Police Department. A new officer entering the department with high ideals on being ethical and a hero will soon lose this identity and assimilate the new identity of the corrupt police culture. Officers who do not conform to corruption will become the outliers among the median of a corrupt department.Overall, Serpico is the true story of a New York City cop who ratted on crooked officers and suffered grim consequences. Serpico was an eccentric who, by virtue of being a good guy in an evil department, is himself a bit of an outlaw. This in any case will set them up for being ostracized and alone. Policing attracts people who want to be heroes the culture of corruption found in certain departments creates the adherence to unethical practices and behavior. All in all, this creates the need for an outside agencys oversight to protect civil liberties and whistleblowers.Frank Serpico has become equivalent not with the term whistleblower, precisely with the term Lamplighter. This is an insightful suggestion due to the negative connotations of the term whistleblower as it takes honor and courage to place a light on the ugliness of corruption. With administration that cultivates this good intent and an outside agency that supports and investigates the law, the ethically sound officer will have the ability to flourish and do the job with heed and honor. The result of this positive and ethical environment is public support and trust. There must be an outside agency that keeps an eye on the keeper.

Case Management Accounting

Although maintaining the current plant- wide rate Is probably non Illegal, its continuation has nonpareil purpose to rip profits from government business. Doug knows the plant-wide rate Is not accurately assigning disk overhead costs to various Jobs and Is go forthing to alter the assignments on an unofficial basis for purposes of dictation on private-sector jobs. Fundamentally, ethical behavior is concerned with choosing right over wrong. To penetratively overcharge government for future business certainly seems so wrong.To continue overpricing knowing the new overhead rates would more than make up for any lost profits from the government sector through more competitive tender in the private sector is a clear indication of greed. While managers have an obligation to maximize profit and shareholders wealth, this obligation must be at heart ethical boundaries In addition, the solution proposed by Doug Is not ethical as he Is using a plant-wide rate as costing approach for bo th(prenominal) private and government business but he uses segmental overhead rate to make balding prices competitive.This arises due to he company having two producing departments, one tire out(a) Intensive and the different is machine intensive. This is a violation of at least two major ethical standards integrity and objectivity. The research laboratoryor intensive department generates lesser overhead than machine-intensive department. Furthermore, virtually all of their high-volume jobs are labor-intensive. The company is using a plant-wide rate based on their direct labor hours to assign overhead to all Jobs. As a result, the high volume, labor Intensive Jobs receive greater share of the machine intensive departments overhead than they really deserve.This problem set up greatly alleviated by switching to departmental overhead rates. But as most of the companys government contract work is done in the labor intensive department and the department overhead will push down the cost on the government jobs, the company will lose revenue. Dual-pricing approach will be used. Plant-wide overhead rate approach for official records and departmental overhead rate approach for bidding in private sector business, which is a come that is highly unethical. 2. Tanya has an ethical obligation to communicate information and should always make sure that ethical standards are upheld In the company.Tanya should first determine whether or not Gunderson has a corporate code of conduct. She can pursue the avenues suggested by the code. Check the violations committed and how can you address such violations. For example, If Tanya cannot persuade Doug to refrain from implementing his scheme, she should present her objections to Doughs of necessity to reach out on the higher management level. If no resolution is possible after appealing to all higher levels, the resignation may be the only remaining option. Case 9-55 DRP Roger Jones Cash Budget Cash collection and cash available Less Cash disbursements Salaries BenefitsThere is more none going out than there is more money coming in. Increase revenue to make up the deficiency or cut down costs or he can implement both. Three approaches can be applied to reach the goal of increasing revenue and cutting down costs. Alternative 1 stay on office hours so that a total of 40 hours are worked each week. This could increase revenues by as much as $5,340. Based on a four-week month, the current revenue earned per hour is $166. 88($21 ,360/128). Thus, the total revenue increase that is possible is hours). DRP.Jones would need to inform his assistants and receptionists of the increased time ND signal that each will receive a 15% increase in salary for the additional time. The office is currently open for 34 hours per week. Benefits are chiefly PICA, SEA and unemployment insurance benefits, and other insurance benefits would also increase. Other expenses that will likely increase with an increase in sales are denta l supplies, lab fees and utilities which is about 31% of the sales. The remaining expenses would be assumed as fixed expenses.In all likelihood, this would require the receptionist to become involved in assisting. This may not be possible without laying off the receptionist and hiring a person that has both sets of skills. Additionally, using the receptionist as an assistant would result in phone calls going unanswered and/or incoming patients being ignored. C. Alternative 3 A third possibility is to increase the free charged for the various dental services. Assuming a varying cost ratio of 31% from Alternative 1, the increase in revenues needed to cover the $2,900 deficiency can be computed as follows 0. OR = $ 2,900 R = $ 2900/0. 69 R = $ 4,203 The increase would call for fees to increase an average of 19. 7%. Whether this increase is possible or not depends to some extent on how DRP. Jones charges compare with other dentists in the area. If some increase is possible, then the in crease could be combined with elements of the other two alternatives. For example, 10% increase in fees and working the extra hours per week, record Tuesday evening. I would expect DRP.Jones to be more likely accept a combination like the one Just mentioned rather than accepting any of the approaches in their pure form. The behavioral principles discussed in the chapter do have a role in this type of setting. DRP. Jones personal goal must be in plication with the goals of his professional organization, and he must have the motivation to achieve those goals. That is, however, a significant difference. DRP. Jones owns and manages the organization. To large extent, his goals must be done the same way as the organization.

Apple External and Internal Analysis

Introduction Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and computer packet products. Established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 in the heart of Silicon Valley, and incorporated January 3, 1977. Apple Inc. use to be called Apple Computers Inc. , but dropped the word computer because it wanted to expend its products beyond just computers. Steve Jobs was a co-founder and the CEO before.Today, Apple operates more than 250 retail stores in nine countries, and an online store where hardw atomic number 18 and software products are sold. SWOT Apple Inc. , the manufacturers of Macs, iPods, iPhones, iPads and professional software, has achieved great success since it began in 1977. Its difficult to predict what will move on to this company in the future, but a SWOT analysis (which measures the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to a business) can help to realize the companys current position and where it may go in the future. StrengthsApples strengths are being a design innovator that is ahead of the trends, creating ergonomic electronics that fit peoples lives. Specifically, Apple has been able to invest significantly in research and development, having invested $80 million in the quarter ending in June 2010. Weaknesses Apple acknowledges that its profitability is dependent on the global economy. Economic downturns can have a significant negative effect on the company, and fluctuations in abroad currencies make profit predictions in foreign markets uncertain. OpportunitiesApple is expected to introduce a new mobile ad platform for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. The introduction of this advertising platform represents an opportunity for new revenue sources. Threats Apple is involved in several legal actions, including lawsuits alleging patent infringement and antitrust violations. Many of the suits are from smaller companies, but celebrated plaintiffs include Nokia. These la wsuits present a threat because of the possibility of unfavorable judgments and the ongoing costs associated with legal defenses.

Learning Styles, Motivation and on the Job Training

The first learning style is perception vs. intuitive learning style. Sensing apprentices like learning facts and solving worrys by well established methods. unalike intuitive students, sensor learners resent testing on material that has not been explicitly covered in cookery. (p 169) Intuitive learners often prefer discovering recent relationships and can be innovative in their approach to problem solving. They dislike repetition and ar better at grasping concepts than sensor learners. Unlike sensors, intuitive learners go intot like courses that involve a lot of memorization and routine calculations.In order to blend in the some out of training, sensor learners acquire to be intuitive learners at quantify and at times intuitive learners need to be sensor learners. The trainer can help the sensor learner by organizing the training by victimisation a problem first method. Intuitors can be more(prenominal) hard-fought to train especially if the training involves a lot o f memorization. The trainer can help these people by creating incentives such as a game with a reward for memorizing certain key points of the training.Next in that respect is the visual vs. erbal learner. Visual learners remember best what they see, pictures, diagrams, flowcharts and demonstrations. 169 Verbal learners get more out of words two written and spoken. Visual learners atomic number 18 among the easiest to train. There are a wide descriptor of materials available to accouterment lectures for the trainer to use to engage the visual learner. The trainer can help the verbal learner by having handouts of the unveiling available or providing paper in which the trainee can summarize the presentation in his/her profess words.Sequential learners vs. global learners. Sequential learners gain understanding when things are presented step by step. The global learner is ace who needs to see the whole picture before organism able to absorb the details. The nonparallel learner can be helped by providing a copy of the lecture material with blank spaces for the consequent learner to fill in key terms and definitions. The global learner can be helped by explaining how each new module fits in with the overall purpose of the training. Active learners vs reflective learners.Active learners need to do something. They can be helped by applying the information, discussing it, or explaining it to others. Reflective learners prefer to imagine about the new information before applying it. Lets try it out and see how it works is how the active learner might respond. The reflective learner on the other hand might say, Lets think it through first. The active learner can be helped by the trainer by being placed in group settings. They have a particularly hard time sitting in a lecture and winning notes.The reflective learner, however, prefers working alone so it might be good to give this type of learner questions to answer at the end of each training module. wh oleness of the most frequently apply training methods is on the job training (OJT). Compare and contrast the characteristics of an informal OJT computer course with that of a formal one. Before the advent of training classrooms, on the job training was the most overabundant form of training.. This was commonly referred to as apprenticeship.Master craftsmen passed on their skills to novices who worked alongside of them Today, on the job training is used primarily for teaching new technology or increasing skills in the use of current technology. wanton OJT consists of using more skilled co-workers or supervisors to train the less skilled or less go through employee. The informal OJT has not been thought out or prepared (p 236). The workers generally learn on a trial and error hindquarters with some feedback from supervisors or coworkers. It is also done on an ad hoc basis with no predetermined content or process.With informal OJT there arent any objectives or goals and trainers are often chosen on the basis of their technical expertise not their training ability because they harbort had any formal training on how to train. This creates more room for error because the trainers are often inconsistent and may even be introducing methods that are not approved by the organization. Formal OJT programs are just the opposite. They have a carefully thought out sequence of events. Like informal OJT the trainee gets to prize the trainer performing the job related tasks.Unlike informal OJT, the procedures involved in the tasks are discussed, before, during and after(prenominal) the training. In formal OJT, the trainee does not begin performing the tasks until the trainer feels that they are ready to do so. The trainee is inclined more and more of the job to perform as he/she masters the each skill necessity to perform the task. Because a trainer is used who is not only experienced with the task but learn as a trainer, the company can be assured that the new empl oyees are learning the tasks more quickly and systematically than in an informal training.Another advantage is consistency of training. The company can be sure that all of the workers performing the same tasks in any of the company departments or locations will be performing in the same manner. With formal OJT, inputs and outputs can be assessed to determine if any modifications need to be made to the training. Describe four factors that should be considered when developing an effective computer based training (CBT) program. One of the biggest factors to consider is the cost of the program.Developing a CBT can be a costly endeavor. Costs of the program include the wages of the course developer as well as the wages of the trainees while they are taking the program (p 276). Then the organization must also consider the costs of the hardware and software needed to conduct the training. The company must then weigh these costs against the number of trainees that will be using the program and how often the program will be needed as well as the oftenness of updating the material.The second factor to consider is the control of material and the training process. Because the content is built presently into the program, the company has complete control over the content of the learning material that all trainees are getting. This is advantageous for companies with multiple locations because it allows for consistency in the training. Also, the trainees are moved through the training process based on their understanding of each training module.The trainees can also start and stop the training rocess which allows for minimal psychological disorder in production. CBTs can help employees enhance their knowledge. The CBT can present the facts in several different formats and presentation styles. It also can provide a variety of modules to show the employees how to apply the knowledge to their actual job. analyze the three things an organization should do to motivate a train ee before the trainee attends training. An organization can have one of the best training programs available, but if the trainees are not motivated they will not learn.When conducting a training program, it is important to remember that the trainees all have different learning styles. Each of the trainees will have a different learning style than the others. Most likely they will have a combination of the percept/intuitive, active/reflective, visual/verbal and sequential/global learning styles. Because of this it is important to remember that a variety of training methods be incorporated into the training and it is also important to remember that there will be modules of the training that will be more effective for some trainees than others.

Economics Exchange Rates Commentary Essay

NEW YORK (Dow Jones)The clam continued its skid Wednesday, touching its last level in 12 months against the euro and flagging against the yen as rising equities battered the greenback nevertheless again.The vaulting horse has lost key legs of entertain over the past two weeks as encouraging spheric economic data has led investors to assume more risk and buy high gearer-yielding assets. With the recession receding and financial markets in recovery, investors have become more confident theres no longer a need to hold their money in a safe-harbor currency like the sawbuck sign.Because of the Federal give ups need to stimu easy the parsimoniousness, the bucks ultra-low interest pass judgment have made it the lowest-yielding major currency. The speak to of borrowing U.S. dollars in the London interbank market continued its slide Wednesday. The key three-month London interbank offered rate attach its lowest level since the British Bankers Association first introduced its Libor fixings in 1986.The dollar hit its lowest level against the common currency since September 2008 in New York afternoon trading, with the euro touching a 12-month high at $1.4738. If the euro is able to sustain levels above $1.4720, a key technical level, it could be on a march to $1.50, state Carl Forcheski, vice president for conflicting ex limiting at Societe Generale in New York.The dollars losses were broad, sinking to new 13-month lows against the Australian and New Zealand dollars as well as lows for 2009 versus separate widely traded counterparts. The U.K. pound also piggy-backed off the euros gains to advance on the dollar.The yen had been the so-called delight trade currency of choice, but with U.S. interest evaluate expected to remain feeble until 2010, analysts anticipate the dollar to continue funding riskier bets. A carry trade involves buying a lower-yielding currency to fund purchases of higher-yielding assets.The dollar was also burdened Wednesday by comm ents from Japans incoming finance minister, Hirohisa Fujii, who said he proverb no need to intervene in currency markets to weaken the yen. In the past, the dollar had received support from the belief that Japan would intervene to pr planet unwanted appreciation of its currency. Theres no change in my thinking that its not the time to consider foreign- permute intervention, Fujii said at a intelligence agency conference.Though he wouldnt rule out intervention in what he termed really unnatural situations, Fujii said the idea that the yen should be cheaper for the sake of Japans exporters is wrong. Wednesday afternoon in New York, the euro was at $1.4729 from $1.4667 late Tuesday, according to EBS via CQG. The dollar was at Y90.78 from Y91.06. The euro was at Y133.72 from Y133.60. The U.K. pound was at $1.6506 from $1.6495, while the dollar was at CHF1.0306 from CHF1.0340.U.S. economic data released Wednesday, including as-expected August consumer price index and better-than-expec ted industrial production numbers, pointed to a continuing recovery, conduct stocks to rally. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 108 points, lending support to the euro and other high-yielders.The dollar looks likely to continue its broad-based slide through the rest of the year, analysts said. As long as the buck doesnt blood line too faraway too fast, dollar weakness is expected in a time of loose monetary policy, said Adnan Akant, a currency specialist at money manager Fischer Francis Trees & Watts, a New York unit of BNP Paribas. respectable now, the euro and other higher-yielding currencies are reaping the benefits of a global economic turn most and stock market rallies, but at bottom the next 12 months, the dollar should start benefitting from a recovering U.S. economy, said Wells Fargo analysts.The Canadian dollar ended higher near its strongest levels of the day Wednesday, reflecting another sustained flight into riskier assets like stocks and commodities at the out lay of the slumping U.S. dollar. The U.S. dollar was trading at C$1.0666 late afternoon, from C$1.0721 late Tuesday.Strong gains for oil, gold and other commodities as well as rising North American equity markets underpinned the Canadian dollars gains, although the currency again failed to mount a serious challenge of its year-to-date high at C$1.0639, achieved in early August.CommentaryThe article refers to a depreciation of the dollar against major currencies due to ultra-low interest rates and emergence risk by investors.The Federal Reserve has been cutting interest rates in an go active to boost aggregate demand and stimulate the economy. High interest rates in an economy for the most part encourage investment in that currency as the value of the investment go forth increase over time. Currently US interest rates set by the Federal Reserve are around 0.25% compared to the European Central Banks 1%. Because of this, investors have switched to higher yielding currencies, such as the Euro, and to a lesser extent the Pound, causing a fall in the vaulting horses replacement rate. This is shown in Diagram 1.As the diagram shows, a right shift in the supply of the Dollar leads to a fall in its price relative to the Euro.In addition, the aforementioned cutting of interest rates is an expansionary monetary policy used to manipulate aggregate demand. The trade off of this policy is increased inflation. A high rate of inflation might further decrease investment in Dollar assets as the real value of the investment would decrease over time. During times of economic crisis, investors tend to invest in low risk assets such as generally strong currencies like the dollar. However with signs that the global economy is exiting the recession and in recovery, not only does the demand for safe-harbor currencies like the dollar decrease, but there is an increased demand for high risk investment due to bullish guesswork.In addition, some consumers, firms, or foreign centr al banks might believe that despite the improving economic situation, the Dollar depart continue to fall as the article mentions and sell dollar assets. This bearish speculation would further increase the supply of the dollar and perhaps lead to self-fulfilling prophecy.As shown above, the combination of the three factors leads to a sharp fall in the exchange rate. As previously mentioned, this depreciation could cause a self-fulfilling prophecy in which the initial bearish speculation leads to depreciation, which in turn causes more bearish speculation causing the exchange rate to enter a downward spiral. Initially, the Federal Reserve might not intervene but if the depreciation continued, it would be hale to buy back Dollars to counteract the increases in supply. This would slow the depreciation, discouraging people from selling dollars. It might even create bearish speculation as some might assume the dollar market give bottom out and start to appreciate.The depreciation of th e Dollar should benefit the US economy by kernel of an improved current account deficit. Initially, the deficit will worsen as the demand for imports and exports is inelastic in the short run, but eventually the current account balance will improve as US exports become more competitive. US export revenue will increase while expenditure will fall. This improved current account situation will boost AD leading to economic growth. This is shown below in Diagram 3.Diagram 3However, as the diagram shows, in the long run, there will be the trade off of inflation as AD rises. This might encourage Federal Reserve to strengthen the Dollar to reduce imported cost-push inflation. In addition, the increased demand for US exports will increase the demand for the Dollar causing appreciation. Foreign nations might eventually implement import controls such as tariffs on US goods in order to preserve their own current account balances.Eventually, the Dollar should happen its status as a high-yield ing currency 1 . The value of one currency expressed in term of another 2 . A period in a business cycle hobby a recession, during which the GDP rises. 3. Believing that a particular security, a sector, or the overall market is about to rise 4 . Revenue from the exports of goods and services and income flows is less than the expenditure on the import of goods and services and income flows in a given year